Which of the following allows all VMs to communicate with each other, the host, and the network?

1. (p. 498) Which of the following allows all VMs to communicate with each other, the host, and the network?
A. hypervisors
B. virtual switches
C. Virtual PBX
D. Virtual Machine Manager

2. (p. 499) Which of the following is a cloud service offering virtualized networks, servers, and services?
A. Network as a Service
B. Software as a Service
C. Virtualization as a Service
D. virtual machine

3. (p. 484) Which of the following creates a complete environment for a guest operating system to function as though that operating system were installed on its own computer?
A. emulation
B. translation
C. virtualization
D. polyinstantiation

4. (p. 485) What is the term for an environment created by software, with sight and sound provided by video and audio equipment, primarily used for gaming and simulation?
A. virtual reality
B. virtual machine
C. hypervisor
D. sandbox

5. (p. 488) Which of the following describes software or hardware that converts the commands to and from the host machine into an entirely different platform?
A. hypervisor
B. Virtual Machine Manager
C. supervisor
D. emulator

6. (p. 488) All of the following are virtual machine managers EXCEPT:
A. VMware Workstation
B. KVM
C. Microsoft Virtual PC
D. Snes9X

7. (p. 493-494) Which of the following are important reasons to implement virtualization? (Select all that apply.)
A. hardware increases
B. research and testing
C. system recovery
D. system installation
E. both B and C

8. (p. 494) All of the following are advantages to using virtualization in research and testing environments EXCEPT
A. product testing
B. security testing
C. development testing
D. hardware testing

9. (p. 497-498) All of the following are examples of hypervisors EXCEPT:
A. ESX
B. Virtual PC
C. Hyper-V
D. Oracle VM Server

10. (p. 497) All of the following are characteristics of VMware's ESX Server EXCEPT:
A. support for large storage
B. ability to move running VMs
C. automatic fault tolerance
D. requires Linux host OS

11. (p. 498) A technique that gives each virtual NIC a connection to a physical NIC is called:
A. bridging
B. routing
C. NAT
D. switching

12. (p. 499) A form of virtualization that eliminates telephone switching hardware is called a:
A. VoIP
B. POTS
C. Virtual PBX
D. ISDN

13. (p. 484) What is another term for a virtual machine?
A. host
B. guest
C. emulator
D. environment

14. (p. 489) Which of the following operating systems, when added as a virtual machine, requires a separate, licensed copy?
A. Microsoft Windows
B. Ubuntu Linux
C. FreeDOS
D. OpenBSD

15. (p. 491) Most virtual machine managers replace the CTRL-ALT-DELETE key sequence with:
A. CTRL-ALT-INSERT
B. CTRL-ALT-ESC
C. CTRL-ALT-FN
D. ALT-F4

16. (p. 494) A virtual machine that is not powered on is stored as a:
A. hard drive
B. process in RAM
C. set of files
D. snapshot

17. (p. 494) An advantage of virtualization that enables a VM to be replicated is known as:
A. system restoration
B. system installation
C. system recovery
D. system duplication

18. (p. 496) Which of the following is a virtual machine manager for Mac OS X?
A. VirtualPC
B. Parallels
C. Hyper-V
D. ESX

19. (p. 497) Which of the following is an open-source virtual machine manager developed by Red Hat?
A. Virtual PC
B. Xen
C. Virtual Box
D. KVM

20. (p. 497) VMware's ESX server can support up to how many CPUs, depending upon the version?
A. 32
B. 4
C. 8
D. 64

21. (p. 498) All of the following are characteristics of Hyper-V EXCEPT:
A. available for free
B. Microsoft product
C. requires Windows Server 2008
D. simple to use

22. (p. 498) Which of the following is a type of virtual switching that gives every VM its own physical NIC?
A. virtual bridging
B. dedicated bridging
C. routing
D. NAT

23. (p. 493) Which of the following terms describe a point-in-time backup of a virtual machine?
A. full backup
B. differential backup
C. snapshot
D. system state backup

24. (p. 491) Which of the following is the first step a virtual machine takes when it is powered on?
A. POST
B. instant-on
C. snapshot
D. dedicated bridging

25. (p. 492) Which of the following is the most limiting factor in a host's ability to run virtual machines?
A. hard disk space
B. network bandwidth
C. CPU
D. RAM

26. (p. 492-493) Which of the following advantages to virtualization provides significant cost savings in utility usage?
A. hardware consolidation
B. power savings
C. system recovery
D. system duplication

27. (p. 495) Which of the following requires an underlying operating system in order to create and manage virtual machines?
A. hypervisor
B. Virtual Switch
C. Virtual PBX
D. virtual machine manager (VMM)

28. (p. 496) VMware Fusion is a popular virtual machine manager for which operating system?
A. Solaris
B. Linux
C. Mac OS X
D. Windows 7

29. (p. 495) The term "bare-metal" virtualization software refers to which of the following?
A. hypervisors
B. VMMs
C. virtual switches
D. hardware consolidation

30. (p. 499) The practice of hosting machines, processing, or networks at a site other than your location is referred to as:
A. onsite
B. offsite
C. centralized
D. decentralized

True / False Questions
 

31. (p. 498) Individual machines can be virtualized, but networks cannot.
FALSE

32. (p. 485) Virtual reality is a form of virtualization.
TRUE

33. (p. 486) A single operating system uses programming called a supervisor.
TRUE

34. (p. 486) Emulation and virtualization are the same technology.
FALSE

35. (p. 488) Linux virtual machines cannot be installed on a Windows host.
FALSE

36. (p. 493) Virtualization can help reduce the number of physical machines.
TRUE

37. (p. 495) Microsoft introduced ESX Server in 2001.
FALSE

38. (p. 495) A hypervisor is software that does not need a host operating system.
TRUE

39. (p. 495) VMware Workstation is an example of a hypervisor.
FALSE

40. (p. 498) Virtual switches do not support bridging.
FALSE

Fill in the Blank Questions
 

41. (p. 499) The use of networking resources on virtual servers without the need for physical proximity can be called __________.
Network as a Service

42. (p. 499) A virtual _______ replaces the ancient hardware ________ of the telephone days with software running in a virtual machine.
PBX; PBX

43. (p. 498) _______________ allow multiple VMs to share a single network connection through bridge or switch functions built into the hypervisor.
virtual switches

44. (p. 496) Microsoft Virtual PC is a popular __________.
virtual machine manager

45. (p. 495) A(n) __________ removes the need for an operating system on the VM-supporting machine.
hypervisor

46. (p. 493) __________ perform chores that would have taken multiple physical boxes previously.
virtual machines

47. (p. 484) __________ creates a complete environment for a guest operating system to function as though that operating system were installed on its own computer.
virtualization

48. (p. 496) __________ is the most popular virtualization manager for Mac OS X.
Parallels

49. (p. 497) __________ refers to moving a running VM from one machine to another.
Transparent server transfer

50. (p. 484) A(n) __________ environment is called a virtual machine (VM).
guest

51. (p. 485) __________ is an environment primarily used for gaming and simulation.
virtual reality

52. (p. 486) A(n) _______________ operating system is physically is installed on a machine.
host

53. (p. 486) Both __________ and ___________ are used to create and manage virtual machines and their interactions with their host environments.
hypervisors; virtual machine managers

54. (p. 486) A single ___________ uses programming called a supervisor.
operating system

55. (p. 486) A hypervisor allocates physical __________ to virtual machines.
hardware

56. (p. 486) __________ enables software written for a different platform to run, but does not virtualize hardware.
emulation

57. (p. 487) A(n) __________ is software or hardware that converts the commands to and from the host machine into an entirely different platform.
emulator

58. (p. 489) Most VMMs enable you to use either the host machine's optical drive or a(n) __________ to install the guest operating system.
ISO file

59. (p. 491) A VM goes through a(n) __________ process just like any computer,
POST

60. (p. 493) Virtualization helps to __________ the number of physical machines.
consolidate

61. (p. 494) Inactive virtual machines are stored as __________.
files

62. (p. 492) With virtualization, you can place multiple virtual servers on a single physical system, reducing __________ use.
electrical power

63. (p. 492) Virtualization makes it possible to increase ___________ and run a number of servers on a single server.
RAM

64. (p. 493) The most popular reason for virtualization is to keep a high __________ percentage.
uptime

65. (p. 493) __________ enable you to make a point-in-time exact copy of the virtual machine that can be used in case of an emergency restore.
snapshots

66. (p. 494) __________ enables the mass deployment of numerous servers with similar baseline operating systems.
system duplication

67. (p. 494) An advantage of virtualization in a testing environment is the ability to perform __________ before production.
development testing

68. (p. 495) __________ hypervisors do not require an operating system.
"bare metal"

69. (p. 495) ESX Server is an example of a(n) __________.
hypervisor

70. (p. 495) VMware Workstation is an example of a(n) __________.
virtual machine manager

Essay Questions
 

71. (p. 495) Describe virtual machine managers (VMMs). 

Virtual machine managers are virtual machine software that runs on top of a host operating system.

72. (p. 496-497) List four popular VMMs. 

Any four of the five following programs:
VMware Workstation, Microsoft Virtual PC, Parallels, KVM, Virtual Box

73. (p. 495) Describe hypervisors. 

A hypervisor is software that does not need a host operating system.

74. (p. 497-498) List two popular hypervisors. 

Vmware's ESX, Microsoft's Hyper-V, and Oracle Virtual Server

75. (p. 492-494) List five advantages of virtualization. 

Power saving, hardware consolidation, system recovery, system duplication, research and testing

76. (p. 498) Describe the concept of a virtual switch. 

Virtual switches address problems with multiple VMs, but limited NICs on a host, allowing all VMs to communicate with each other, the host, and the network (and Internet). All VMs get their own IP address information.

77. (p. 499) Define the term "virtual PBX." 

Virtual PBX is software running on a computer, replacing older hardware-based PBX equipment with "virtual" ones. It offers all the benefits of virtualization to PBX technology. There are many popular PBX software applications, and also "cloud" versions of virtual PBX.

78. (p. 497, 503) List two open-source VMMs. 

KVM, Xen, and Virtual Box are all examples of open-source VMMs.

79. (p. 499) Discuss the concept of Network as a Service. 

Network as a Service is a cloud service offering virtualized networks, servers, and services. It saves on reduced infrastructure and hardware costs-costing pennies on the dollar-and is ideal for small businesses that need a large network service.

80. (p. 486) What is the difference between a host operating system and a guest operating system? 

A host operating system is physically installed on a machine. A guest operating system is the virtual machine that runs on the host through a virtual machine manager.

81. (p. 485) Discuss "virtual reality." 

"Virtual reality" is a world created by software, with sight and sound provided by video and audio equipment, primarily used for gaming and simulations. It uses equipment such as goggles and special gloves that enable you to "see" and "move" objects.

82. (p. 484) Define virtualization. 

Virtualization is a technology that convinces a guest operating system it is running on its own hardware.

83. (p. 486) How does a hypervisor allocate hardware? 

The hypervisor handles input and output requests an operating system would make of normal hardware, and allocates real hardware to virtual machines (drives, RAM, media, and so on) in a balance with each other and the host. It also enables easy addition and removal of virtual hard drives, virtual network cards, virtual RAM, and so on.

84. (p. 486) Describe the difference between emulation and virtualization. 

Virtualization uses hardware from a host system, divides it into individual virtual machines, and then abstracts hardware that is the same platform. It cannot virtualize hardware that is a different platform (for example, an Intel platform and a Sony PlayStation) for a VM. Emulation is very different, in that it enables software written for a different platform to run-it does not virtualize hardware.

85. (p. 486) Describe the role of a supervisor in the context of single-OS machines. 

For a single machine, the supervisor programming handles very low-level interaction among hardware and software (that is,, task scheduling, allotment of time and resources, and so on). It does not have the ability, as a hypervisor does, to coordinate hardware resources among several machines.

86. (p. 492) What are two important reasons to virtualize? 

Two important reasons are: to reduce the number of physical machines, and the ease of managing virtual machines as files (backups, security, portability, and so on).

87. (p. 492) Discuss how virtualization enables power saving. 

Before virtualization, each server OS needed to be on a unique physical system. With virtualization, you can place multiple virtual servers on a single physical system, reducing electrical power use significantly. Expanding this electricity savings over an enterprise network or on a data center is cost effective and "green."

88. (p. 493) Discuss how virtualization enables hardware consolidation. 

It's not really cost effective to use a high-end server with multiple processors, RAID arrays, redundant power supplies, and RAM for only one server. Virtualization makes it possible to increase RAM and run a number of servers on a single server, which consolidates several physical machines into one box.

89. (p. 494) Discuss how virtualization enables system duplication. 

System duplication takes advantage of the fact that VMs are simply files that can be copied, moved, and replicated. This allows VMs to be mass-duplicated by copying the files to the target machines. This is very useful for mass-deploying numerous servers with similar baseline operating systems, and lab or teaching environments.

90. (p. 493) Discuss how virtualization enables system recovery. 

The most popular reason for virtualization is to keep a high uptime percentage. If a system goes down, you need to quickly restore the system from a backup. This can be very time-consuming. Virtualization makes it possible to shut down the VM and simply reload an alternative copy. A technique called snapshotting will also speed up recovery times. Snapshots enable you to make a point-in-time exact copy of the virtual machine that can be used in case of an emergency restore.

91. (p. 494) Discuss how virtualization assists in research and testing. 

Virtualization offers the opportunity to reduce research and testing machines through virtualization. It is useful for product testing, security testing, development testing before going into production, and research.

92. (p. 495) Explain why the use of "bare metal" hypervisors is better in a large-scale implementation. 

In environments that have few virtual machines, VMMs are enough to manage the infrastructure. In large-scale implementations, where there could be entire data centers and server farms virtualized, bare-metal hypervisors are more scalable. They also tend to handle hardware and performance better.

93. (p. 497) List four features of VMware's ESX hypervisor. 

Four important features of ESX are: support for large storage (SAN and NAS), transparent and automatic fault tolerance, transparent move of running VMs from one server to another, and support for up to 32 CPUs, depending on version.

94. (p. 498) Discuss the two ways bridging is implemented in virtual switching. 

Bridging is implemented in two ways. First, you can give each virtual NIC a connection to the real NIC, and second, you could install physical NICs for each VM, allowing each virtual NIC to get a connection to its own dedicated physical NIC.

95. (p. 496) Describe the Microsoft family of virtualization products. 

Microsoft's large-scale contender in virtualization is Hyper-V. It was previously only part of Windows Server 2008-now it is also available as a stand-alone product. It is available only for 64-bit systems. The smaller-scale VMM software from Microsoft is Virtual PC. It runs over various iterations of Windows, but has some limitations. It officially only supports Windows VMs, but Linux will run in Virtual PC.

96. (p. 495-496) Which type of virtualization product works better in smaller-scale implementations, and why? 

Virtual machine managers (VMMs) work better in smaller-scale implementations. A VMM is virtual machine software that runs on top of a host operating system. It does not provide the hardware management and scalability that hypervisors do, since it only easily supports virtual desktops.

97. (p. 490) What are important considerations during the installation of a virtual machine? 

Virtual disk size, virtual file location, allocated RAM, and any customization

98. (p. 486) Describe the hardware levels that affect virtualization scalability. 

Hardware levels include the amount of RAM available to a system, amount of disk space for storage of virtual hard disk files, CPU speed, network bandwidth, and number and speed of network cards.

99. (p. 497) What is KVM? 

KVM is an open-source virtualization product from Red Hat. It is one of the popular VMMs that represent the Linux/Unix world. It has an unusual feature in that it actually supports a few non-x86 processors, such as those used in the Mac (PPC) and Solaris world. Other open-source contenders include Xen and Sun's VirtualBox.

100. (p. 499) Describe "virtual PBX" when used as a form of cloud computing. 

The term "virtual PBX," when used as a form of cloud computing, is a service that is dedicated to routing telephone numbers to the proper location for a business person on the go or a decentralized business. You can subscribe to this type of service, for example, so that phone calls to one of your phone numbers go to the proper voice mail box. Or you can have a single phone number with multiple extensions, where each extension directs to a completely different telephone. The telephones don't have to be in the same location at all, but to the end users, the single number gives the impression of a single location.