If the network is not visible on the Internet, the DNS naming convention does not require top-level domain names such as .com or .org.

36. (p. 264) If the network is not visible on the Internet, the DNS naming convention does not require top-level domain names such as .com or .org. 
TRUE

37. (p. 265) Each domain in DNS must have its own dedicated authoritative DNS server that cannot be shared with other domains.
FALSE

38. (p. 277) In addition to being a convenient way to group computers together, workgroups also provide security restrictions for a NetBIOS network.
FALSE

39. (p. 260) When performing name resolution, every operating system that supports TCP/IP will look in the local HOSTS file before sending a DNS query.
TRUE

40. (p. 267) Every Web server must include www as part of its name.
FALSE

41. (p. 260) As the Internet grew, HOSTS replaced DNS.
FALSE

42. (p. 261) DNS is a protocol for the automatic allocation of IP addresses to DNS clients.
FALSE

43. (p. 272) Most operating systems, including Server versions of Windows, come with built-in DNS server software.
TRUE

44. (p. 276) Beginning in the 1980s, Microsoft promoted the NetBIOS/NetBEUI protocol.
TRUE

45. (p. 282) An LMHOSTS file contains a list of the DNS names and corresponding IP addresses of the host systems on the network.
FALSE

46. (p. 265) A zone is a container for multiple DNS domains.
FALSE

47. (p. 265) A name server can only host one DNS domain.
FALSE

48. (p. 273) Cache servers are always the authoritative name servers for a zone.
FALSE

49. (p. 278) In an Active Directory-integrated zone, DNS information is stored in text files.
FALSE

50. (p. 279) Dynamic DNS requires manual updates to DNS zone files.
FALSE

Fill in the Blank Questions
 

51. (p. 259) Part of the TCP/IP suite, _______________ is a service that resolves each destination host name to the IP address of the computer (and vice versa).
DNS

52. (p. 278) Each Windows Active Directory domain controller is also a DNS server, and it has all the standard DNS zones, plus a(n) _______________ zone.
Active Directory-integrated zone

53. (p. 275-276) When viewing the records on a DNS server, you will recognize a(n) _______________ zone by its name, which has a reversed network ID plus the term "in-addr-arpa" added to it.
reverse lookup

54. (p. 262) DNS uses a(n) __________________ naming structure with root at the top.
hierarchical

55. (p. 260) A HOSTS file is a(n) _______________ file that you can easily edit.
text

56. (p. 262) A HOSTS file uses a(n) _______________ name space.
flat

57. (p. 263) The very top of the DNS name space is the _______________.
root

58. (p. 263) Individual computer names, or _______________ as the DNS naming convention calls them, fit into domains.
host names

59. (p. 264) When writing out FQDNs, it is common to omit the _______________.
final period indicating the root

60. (p. 265) Two systems in the DNS name space can have the same host name only if the systems have _______________.
different domain names

61. (p. 261) Names like .com, .net, or .gov are called _______________ domain names.
top level

62. (p. 268) Name resolution by broadcast does not work for the Internet because routers do not forward _______________ messages.
broadcast

63. (p. 271) To see the DNS resolver cache on a Windows 2000/2003/XP system, give the command _______________ at the command prompt.
ipconfig/displaydns

64. (p. 272) The most popular DNS server for UNIX/Linux systems is called _______________.
BIND

65. (p. 280) One of the first signs of a DNS problem is usually a(n) _______________ error message.
server not found

66. (p. 282) Before they developed WINS, Microsoft reduced the overhead from NetBIOS broadcasts by using a special text file called _______________.
LMHOSTS

67. (p. 269) On a Windows Vista client, you configure the IP address of a WINS server in the WINS settings under _______________.
Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IP) properties

68. (p. 284) Most WINS problems are really _______________ problems.
NetBIOS

69. (p. 259) DNS stands for _______________.
Domain Name System

70. (p. 264) FQDN stands for _______________.
fully qualified domain name

71. (p. 264) The root, top-level domain name, and host name make up a(n) ________________.
fully qualified domain name (FQDN)

72. (p. 259) In the early days when the Internet was very small, a special text file called _____________ contained a list of IP addresses for every computer on the Internet, matched to the corresponding system name.
HOSTS

73. (p. 261) The Internet name for the group of computers known collectively as the DNS root is ____________.
"." or "dot"

74. (p. 264) Subdomain names are added to the _____________ of the domain name.
left

75. (p. 270) In Windows you can check your current DNS server settings by using the ___________ command.
ipconfig/all

76. (p. 259) WINS stands for _______________.
Windows Internet Naming Service

77. (p. 259) The TCP protocol that resolves domain names into actual IP addresses is ______________.
DNS

78. (p. 260) In a HOSTS file, the _______________ symbol at the beginning of a line indicates that the line is a comment, rather than a host listing.
# (the pound sign)

79. (p. 260) In order to have a name resolution system that could divide up the work, the designers of DNS created a naming system designed for _______________ of tasks.
delegation

80. (p. 270) When configuring the TCP/IP settings for a host, you must enter at least _______________ DNS server IP address(es).
one (1)

81. (p. 279) _______________ enables clients to automatically register with DNS servers.
Dynamic DNS

82. (p. 278) A DNS zone that is stored and replicated across multiple domain servers is called a(n)__________.
Active Directory-integrated zone

83. (p. 273) __________ are never the authoritative server for a DNS zone.
cache-only servers

84. (p. 265) A line in the zone data that maps an FQDN to an IP address is called a(n)__________.
DNS record

85. (p. 279) Dynamic DNS can be used to help contact small office or home routers that may change IP addresses by __________.
domain name

Essay Questions
 

86. (p. 259) Describe the function of DNS. 

Standing for Domain Name System, this part of the TCP/IP suite resolves a computer domain name to its actual IP address.

87. (p. 276) What kind of TCP/IP network is appropriate for NetBIOS, and what you would need to include in this network? 

First, you should avoid using NetBIOS, but you may need to use it if you have computers that must support it because they have older operating systems and need to access resources on the network. If that is true, then, it is most appropriate to do this on a small isolated network. To reduce broadcasts, have a WINS server. If the network is routed, and these clients need access beyond the local network, WINS will help for all but the pre-Windows 95 clients, for whom you will have to set up WINS proxy agents.

88. (p. 263-264) Is it possible to go beyond the three-tiered DNS system of the Internet? 

Yes, it is possible to go beyond the three-tiered DNS system of the Internet. You can create subdomains below your own second-level domain names, since your domain controllers would handle the resolution. The only restriction is that the entire FQDN name, including periods and the host name portion, cannot exceed 255 characters.

89. (p. 268) When a system needs to know the IP address for a specific FQDN, how does it know where to find the DNS server to query? 

All hosts should have at least one DNS server IP address in its TCP/IP configuration. This tells it where to send DNS resolver requests.

90. (p. 265) How can you prevent DNS requests from swamping the DNS server for a domain? 

The best way to keep DNS requests from swamping a DNS server is to have additional subordinate name servers under the authoritative DNS server for the domain. The authoritative DNS server keeps the name server up to date, and the name servers can handle some of the resolver requests.

91. (p. 279) What is DDNS and how has it simplified network management? 

DDNS is Dynamic DNS, an enhancement to DNS that allows systems to register their host names with their DNS servers automatically, eliminating the need for administrators to enter them manually.

92. (p. 261) What makes up the DNS root for the Internet? 

The DNS root of the Internet consists of 13 powerful DNS server clusters, scattered all over the world.

93. (p. 271) Why is it not necessary for any single machine to know every DNS name on the Internet? 

Each computer does not need to know every DNS name on the Internet because it only needs to query one DNS server, which will resolve any DNS name by forwarding the request to other DNS servers, if necessary. Therefore, each host only needs to know the IP address of a single DNS server to which it sends its requests.

94. (p. 261) Describe a second-level DNS domain and its contents. 

A DNS domain has a registered name that is part of a top-level domain, such as COM. A second-level domain is like a folder, in that it is a holding space for computer names. In fact, you can even have other domain names within a second-level domain, as long as the FQDNs you create do not exceed the 255 character limit (including the ".").

95. (p. 270) If a host has made a DNS request, why does it not have to repeat the request the next time it needs the IP address for the same server? 

Once the system has resolved a domain name to an IP address, it stores that information locally in a DNS resolver cache.

96. (p. 265 and 273) Describe the two types of DNS servers. 

The two types of DNS servers are authoritative and cache-only. An authoritative DNS server maintains a list of all the host names and IP addresses for an entire domain. A cache-only server does not store any FQDNs in a database as an authoritative DNS server would, but it does resolve IP addresses for DNS clients, and stores recently resolved names and addresses in a cache of a configurable size.

97. (p. 260) In the early days of the Internet, where was the HOSTS file stored and how was it kept up to date? 

Every system on the Internet stored a HOSTS file that was updated every night at 2:00 a.m.

98. (p. 267-269) Briefly explain the steps in the process used to resolve a domain name to an IP address if the information is not stored in the system's HOSTS file or in its cache. 

The system queries the DNS server listed in its DNS server settings. If the DNS server cannot resolve the name, the DNS server asks the root server. The root server redirects to a top-level DNS server that in turn points to a second-level DNS server that actually resolves the domain name.

99. (p. 269) Where do you configure DNS for a Windows Vista host (client)? 

Configure DNS through the Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IP) Properties dialog box.

100. (p. 280) Describe how you can you clear the information stored in the DNS resolver cache on a Windows computer. 

At the command prompt, enter the command ipconfig/flushdns

101. (p. 265) Describe the circumstances in which it is possible for a DNS server to be both a root server and an SOA for a domain. 

In a private network that is not visible to the Internet, a DNS server can be both a root server and an SOA for a domain.

102. (p. 283) What must a Windows 9x or NT system have to resolve NetBIOS names across routed networks? 

WINS

103. (p. 282-283) How does a NetBIOS system register a NetBIOS name? 

If there is no WINS server, or a NetBIOS client has not been configured with the address of a WINS server, it broadcasts its name to the rest of the network. If there is a WINS server, the NetBIOS system sends its NetBIOS registration information to the WINS server.

104. (p. 283) If you have computers that are running NetBIOS, what are two good reasons to use a WINS server? 

One reason to use a WINS server when you are running NetBIOS is to reduce overhead from broadcasts. Another reason is to allow NetBIOS name resolution across routers.

105. (p. 283) What is a WINS proxy agent and what does it do? 

A WINS proxy agent is used for pre-Windows 95 NetBIOS clients that cannot use WINS directly. A system running a newer version of Windows is configured as a WINS relay agent, forwarding WINS broadcasts to a WINS server on the other side of the router.

106. (p. 276) Briefly describe how Microsoft combines the NetBIOS naming system into DNS. 

Microsoft combines the NetBIOS naming system into DNS by making the NetBIOS name the DNS name.

107. (p. 258) Define the term name resolution in the context of networking. 

Name resolution is the act of determining a computer's IP address from its name.

108. (p. 260) Why would you use a HOSTS file today? 

Some people put short names in a HOSTS file to avoid typing long names into a TCP/IP application.

109. (p. 262) Describe what the term flat name space means. 

A flat name space is one big undivided list containing all names, with no grouping. All names in a flat name space must be unique because there is no way to distinguish between two machines with the same name, as there would be in a hierarchical name space.

110. (p. 262) Describe a hierarchical name space. 

A hierarchical name space has a tree-like structure, with a single node at the top and branches below that level. In the case of the DNS name space, the root is the top, and top-level domains are at the next level.

111. (p. 282) What is the Windows-only service that resolves NetBIOS names into IP addresses? 

The Windows-only service that resolves NetBIOS names into IP address is the Windows Internet Name Service (WINS).

112. (p. 266) You are a network administrator, and you are bringing up a new FTP server in the company's domain. What must you ensure happens as far as DNS is concerned? 

The network administrator must ensure that a record for the new FTP server is added to the authoritative (SOA) DNS server for the domain.

113. (p. 261) The DNS servers that handle the millions of names such as microsoft.com and whitehouse.gov are part of what level of the Internet's DNS hierarchy? 

The DNS servers that handle the millions of names such as Microsoft.com and whitehouse.gov are the second-level DNS servers that support individual computers.

114. (p. 261) Explain where names such as COM, ORG, NET, EDU, GOV, MIL, BIZ, and INT fit into the Internet's DNS hierarchy. 

The names COM, ORG, NET, EDU, GOV, MIL, BIZ, and INT are all top-level domain names, and as such they are just below the root in the Internet's DNS hierarchy.

115. (p. 263-265) Describe the rules for domain names and host names, including length of an FQDN, and how upper - and lowercase are handled. 

First, the total length of a FQDN cannot exceed 255 characters, including the "." separator characters. Beyond that, the names are limited to uppercase and lowercase letters (A-Z, a-z), numbers (0-9), and the hyphen. Further, do not count on uppercase and lowercase alone for making names unique, because, while DNS allows you to use both upper - and lowercase, it does not differentiate between them.

116. (p. 265) What are the three key players in DNS? 

The DNS name server, the DNS zone, and the DNS record

117. (p. 278) Describe Active Directory-integrated zones. 

DNS info is stored in the AD database, instead of text files. AD is stored across several domain controllers, so there's no longer only one copy. Domain controllers automatically replicate DNS zone information along with other AD updates.

118. (p. 279) Describe Dynamic DNS, in terms of client and server registration. 

DNS previously required manual updates to zone files. This became very problematic as the Internet and organization's computers grew in numbers. Dynamic DNS (DDNS) enables a DNS server to talk to a DHCP server and get IP addressing info on its clients. Most modern DNS software can use DDNS. Windows clients can also update DNS server files automatically.

119. (p. 279) Describe Dynamic DNS on the Web. 

High-speed connections now enable home computers to run as web and file servers, and enable remote connections to it. Problems exist with home or office router-assigned DNS names and IP addresses, since they may frequently change due to DHCP. Dynamic DNS maps a home or office router to a domain name. If the router's external IP address changes, it notifies the dynamic DNS service and makes the change. This allows a home or office network to be contacted via domain name regardless of IP address changes.

120. (p. 282) Which type of names do Windows hosts support for backward compatibility? 

NetBIOS names